
In the year 1960 a small island nation of Japan was at the center stage with its growth at 10% . It was believed then that Japan was going to over take US soon. But in the subsequent years the growth soared with 5% in 1970s and 4% in 1980s. Recently Japan slipped in recession. Its national carrier JAL is filing for bankruptcy. What led to its downfall??? In the 60s Japananese had some of the highest bank balances. Loans were easily available and ofcourse the loan amount available were also huge. With cash easily available ppl started investing in its stock market and in real estate. Tokyo's stock exchange was at its peak with Nikkei trading at 38915 and a sq. ft of land in Tokyo as high as $93,000. The result- inflation. This devalued its currency. By 2004 the cost of land was just 1% of its peak. Millions and millions of dollars were lost in this boom. The stock market also collapsed. Investments were very little and consumption reduced greatly which resulted in deflationary pressure. Still banks were lending loans. The easy availability of loans also could not prevent the deflation. Now ppl were in search of some investment avenue which would give them considerable returns but everything was out of control. The prices began to appreciate but recession began to have its impact. In 2008 Nikkei was trading at 7000s. Lets come to 2010. China is the talk of the town now. Recent numbers suggest that China's $4.9 trillion economy has overtaken Japan's economy of $4.6trillion to become the world's second largest economy. But its local consumption is just one-third of its economy while India's is twice that of China's. India's consumption is two-third of its economy. Most of China's growth has come from infrastructure spending. Chinese have been asked to save as much as possible. Chinese inflation is also sky rocketing although its less compared to the world. China has also deliberately undervalued its currency against USD and Euro. In China all the profits are with the state owned companies with private companies starving for money while in India its just the opposite. This has made the life of a common China man no different where as Indians are continuously increasing their bank balance which is encouraging local spending. No of Indians in middle class is 300mn while tht of China's is something around 100mn. This middle class in quite important in maintaining a constant local demand. A report says that China's poverty has doubled while that of India's has come down by 50%. Rural India accounts for almost 50% of India's GDP up from its previous share of 40%. Rural India is growing at a faster pace than tht of urban India. While in China its just the opposite with 1/3 of total GDP and the rural growth is just 15%. And more over most of the Indian firms concentrate on rural India unlike their Chinese counterparts. India's Bharthi Airtel has the world's cheapest tariffs with TATA MOTORS making the world's cheapest car. China has left most of its rural areas in hanging. Anyway predictions have gone wrong most of the time. So lets wait and watch wats there for the future.
11 comments:
very interesting observations ! I can only see inclusive growth in India ! Which is what we are known for actually ! As you rightly pointed out China has exclusive growth restricted to the elite ! The elite is also decided by the Government ! I am proud to be Indian ! We follow Gandhian principles but it kills me to say that the average chinese man suffers the fate worse than that of a slave ! I cant say Indians are the best, but they do try to be the best ! Good article BALA !
Exactly. I agree with Mr.Nitty. China should learn from India.
what is nikkei??
Its Japan's SENSEX. Hope u got it.
Hey bala ..!! Interesting and informative..!! keep updating ur blog...!! cheers... :)
Actually I feel that china is jumping ahead in its policies.They seem to have created good consumer market instead of export...
but at what expense,what about people trying to open up their own industries..
All in all Others will only be benefited in there...OK they achieve best economy????? So how does that help them in any way...It is just the net economy..As u have pointed out In our country the GDP for last year has come 40% from rural areas....Now that is development a stable one the bridge between rural and urban areas is reducing greatly here...
In china the illiteracy has almost doubled than that was in 2000..Is this was development is to them???
I wonder why they keep comparing to US economy..When so many things are different..society,wants,needs.An average chinese person needn't have that much facilities as a US thats just how it is..
I think it has become a trend to compare EVERYTHING with US...
Well,there has to be more to a country than being the best economy right..
I think Chinese need to get their priorities right...
post this.......
http://www.ted.com/talks/shashi_tharoor.html
Hello,
Ignore my being critical and all. Just thought should help you improve your perspective.
1. Japan is not making any of the headlines. But now we are talking about a multi trillion dollar economy. Of course it cannot grow at the rate of emerging economies like ours. But read their GDP (Not GDP growth) along with the amount of natural resources and land that Japan has with respect to other countries. Then you would understand what they have achieved. A 4.5 trillion dollar economy even if in recession losing 200-300 basis points is way ahead of a trillion dollar economy growing at 9-10%.Also Japan has given some of the pioneering firms to the world and also introduced new management techniques. Toyota has never fired a single person from its company.
2. China growth: Let me illustrate with an example. Domestic consumption of a country is fixed, unless you can entice customers to spend way beyond their incomes by borrowing, which btw is not healthy, which I am sure you would agree, given the borrowing disaster Americans are facing. Now since we have fixed consumption, it is always better if you can grow your exports. Like say X $ is portion of GDP from consumption. For both China and India. So if say India exports Y $ and China is exporting 5Y $. Who do you think has a better economy now? You have heard of any of the Chinese SEZ's? Also you should read up about Sovereign Wealth Funds (Govt Controlled Funds). China's SWF is the biggest and they have subscribed to more than 60% of all recently issued Govt US debt, putting even US at their mercy.
India is still like a fish in the ocean We can never boast of surpluses like the Chinese.
But you have a good start with understanding these Macro phenomenon. Spend more time and you will find them the most intriguing and revealing which even political leaders do not fully comprehend.
Well written article, Bala. Nice presentation of information.
You can not argue with the point Srinivasan makes about Japan. They are truly a class act when it comes to getting maximum out of minimum resources.
But about the growth of China, I think you can argue both ways. Normally more exports and a positive balance of trade is healthy and desirable for an economy. But in times of recession, you are at the mercy of foreign economies. That is why we were not as badly affected as China during the curent crash.
But having said that, both are still very different economies governed by drastically different monetary policies. India is still not in the same league as Japan and China but I think we are on the right track with consistent economic policies and a steady growth year after year.
I fully agree with Surfer when he questions about China's success at what cost. In the end, are the people getting the returns for the hard work they have put in? These questions will lead us to a different topic, away from economics but they are all important questions in the overall welfare of people.
Keep writing!
I am extremely thankful to you Mr.Srinivasan for ur valuable comments. But i hav a few questions. What is the use of buying other country's debt when ur own ppl are suffering from poverty? And i happened to read tht Chinese form tht most no of illegal immigrants entering US; in search of jobs. And ofcourse i accept Japan is one of the best economies and its ppl are really determined and hardworking.
I hope the following explaination reasons why the Chinese are doing what they are.
1. 50% of Chinese exports is to US. So if one day, if say US comes out with legislation saying no more Chinese goods, it will impact employment and economy of China hugely. But in the current situation, if US does, China will ask them to repay all its debt. So US is in a catch-22 situation. Investing in US debt is more strategic to China, as it does not want to be in their mercy.
2. Imagine u r China. If you are going to spread your wealth amongst the local population, it is going to cause inflation (Economics: Increased money supply leads to inflation). That would mean that the premise of all Chinese exports, their cost advantage over all other manufacturing countries will no longer be there. So the Govt does not do much to spread what ever they have earned through exports locally.
You got to read Economics dude. Nothing more interesting. Theories of Comparative advantage might be a good place to start.
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